Discuss about manures and it’s classification

 

Manure 

The word ‘manures’ is originated from the French word “manoeuvrer” which refer to “word with soil” that is why the word tillage and manure which synonyms as it clear by the statement to Jethro Jull (1700B.C.)- “Tillage is manure”. The word ‘manure’ is also originated from Latin word, manu, (hand) and operate (to work). Manures are substances which are organic in nature, capable of supplying plant nutrients in available form, bulky in nature, having, having the low analytical value and having no definite composition and most of them are obtained from animal and plant waste products.

Manure is an effective source of nutrients for most crops. The bulky organic manures contain very small quantities of plant food elements hence they do not contribute much to the increase of plant food supply in the soil. The value of those manures, however, depends on the amount of humus they produce or add to the soil (Daji, 1975)

Manure, organic material used to fertilize and, usually consisting of barnyard and stable refuse (livestock excreta), with or without accompanying litter such as straw, hay or bedding.

The effect of bulky organic manures on soil is an follows:-

         I.            Since these manures contain nutrients, they have a direct effect on plant growth like any other commercial fertilize. Bulky organic manures contain nutrients in small quantities, therefore, large quantities of them need to be applied per acre. Beside the major nutrients, bulky organic manures also contain traces of micro-nutrient.

      II.            Bulky organic manures increase the organic matter content and hence improve the physical properties os soils. This effect is very important in case of most of our arable land. Such manures increase the humus content of soil at least temporarily and consequently the waste holding capacity of sandy soils is increased and the drainage of clayey soils is improved.

   III.            Bulky organic manures provide food for soil micro-organisms. This increases activity of microbes in turn help to convert unavailable plant nutrients into available forms.

Classification of manures:-

A    Bulky Organic Manure-

Bulky organic manures contain low amount of plant nutrient.

                                 i.            Compost-

·        Village compost (made from farm- waste products)

·        Town compost (made from farm town refuses)

·        Water hyacinth compost

·        Vermi-compost

                              ii.            F.Y.M (Farm Yard Manure)-

·        Cattle manures

·        Sheep penning

·        Poultry manures.

                            iii.            Sewage and sludge

B.    Green manures:-

a)     Leguminous plant

b)    Non-leguminous plant

C    Concentrated organic manures:-

Concentrated organic manures contain higher percentage of major plant nutrients.

1.     Oil cakes:-

a)    Edible oil cakes (i.e., used for cattle feeding)-

·        Mustard cake

·        Groundnut cake

·        Seasame cake

·        Lineseed cake

b)    Non- edible oil cakes (i.e., used as manures)-

·        Castor cake

·        Neem cake

·        Sunflower cake

·        Mahua cake

·        Karaja cake.

2.     Waste products of slaughter house:-

a.      Blood meal

b.     Bone meal.

3.     Fish products:-

Fish meal, etc.

4.     Guano:-

Material obtained from the excreta and dead bodies of sea bird.

5.     Biofertilizers:-

a.      Azotobacter

b.     Rhizobium

c.      Azolla

d.     Blue green algae.

In next article we discuss classification of manures in detail. Thank you for visiting website.